Climate Impacts, Resilience, and Risks

Climate Risk Assessment | Climate Data and Physical Risk Assessment | Social Cost of Carbon

Climate Risk Assessment

Learn more about SMARTargets: A Methodology for Grounded and Actionable Climate Targets Aligned with Global Goals

EPRI Reports

• Steven Rose. 2024. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) 2024 Climate Risk Disclosure Rule: Technical perspectives to inform potential future compliance, analyses, and dialogue. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. 3002031386
• Erik T. Smith, Delavane B. Diaz, Jacob Mardian. 2024. A Climate-Informed Approach to Create Hourly Future Weather Timeseries for Power System Planning. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA.
• Felicia Chiang and Laura Fischer, 2024. Compound Hazards and The Power Sector in a Changing Climate. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. 3002030518
• Delavane Diaz and Laura Fischer, 2023. READi Insights: The Fifth National Climate Assessment - Key Insights and Connections to Climate READi. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002028667
• EPRI, 2022. Grounding Climate Risk Decisions: Physical Climate Risk Assessment Scientific Foundation and Guidance for Companies. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002024246
• Rose, S., 2022. Technical Considerations for Climate-Related Risk Disclosure Rules. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002024244
• EPRI, 2022. EPRI Public Comments on the SEC’s Proposed Climate Risk Disclosure Rule: The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002025101
• Erik Smith and Delavane Diaz, 2022. An Approach to Synthetic Future Climate Hourly Profiles for Power System Modeling, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA.
• Steve Rose and Delavane Diaz, 2021. IPCC’s 2021 Climate Science Assessment Report: High-Level Technical Summary and Perspectives, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002023094
• Delavane Diaz, 2021. Review of Current Physical Climate Change Assessment Guidance for Electric Power Companies, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002019987
• EPRI, 2020. EPRI Comments on Moody's "Proposed framework to assess carbon transition risks for electric power companies” EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2020. #3002020282
• Steve Rose and Morgan Scott, 2020. Review of 1.5°C and Other Newer Global Emissions Scenarios: Insights for Company and Financial Climate Low-Carbon Transition Risk Assessment and Greenhouse Gas Goal Setting. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002018053
• Steve Rose and Morgan Scott, 2018. Grounding Decisions: A Scientific Foundation for Companies Considering Global Climate Scenarios and Greenhouse Gas Goals, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002014510
• Steve Rose, 2018. Managing Climate Damages: Exploring Trade-Offs, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002009659

Climate Data and Physical Risk Assessment

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Publications and Presentations

• Smith, D. Diaz, and J. Mardian. (2025). A Climate-Informed Approach to Create Hourly Future Weather Timeseries for Power System Planning. IEEE Access 2169-3536.
• Smith, N. Grant, X. Luo, and D. Diaz. (2025). Evaluating the ability of gridded climate datasets to capture temperature and precipitation trends and extremes. Scientific Reports 15, 12607.
• Van Vuuren, et al. (2025). “The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP7 (ScenarioMIP-CMIP7).” EGUsphere. Preprint available online and open for discussion. (coauthored by EPRI’s Steven Rose).
• Pirani, A., Fuglestvedt, J.S., Byers, E. et al. [including ESCA's Steve Rose] Scenarios in IPCC assessments: lessons from AR6 and opportunities for AR7. npj Clim. Action 3, 1 (2024).

EPRI Reports

• B. Neary, S. Rose, and E. Smith. (2025). An Initial Approach for Characterizing Third-Party Physical Climate Risk Assessment Frameworks for Utility Applications. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. 3002031389
• Smith, E, S Rose, L DiSera, L Fischer, 2024. Selecting Climate Models and Metrics for Localized Climate Change Assessments. EPRI: Palo Alto, CA. 3002031387.
• A. Staid, J. Rice, K. Balaguru, 2024. Projected changes in hurricane-induced power outages in a future climate. EPRI, PNNL.
• E. Smith, J. Sharp, L. Fischer, D. Diaz, and J. Mardian, 2024. Climate Data Gaps Assessment. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. 3002030951
• Jacob Mardian, Laura Fischer, Delavane Diaz. (2024).Evaluation of Wildfire Risk Assessment and Wildfire Smoke Datasets, Models, Tools, and Services. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 3002030467
• Erik Smith, Delavane Diaz, Steve Rose, Laura Fischer. (2024). Evaluating Local Climate Change Impacts: Informing historical and projected climate change understanding for physical climate risk assessments. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 3002030368
• Dan Kirk-Davidoff, Laura Fischer, Erik Smith, Felicia Chiang, Jonathan Lala, Steve Rose, Delavane Diaz, Jacob Mardian (2024) Climate READi Climate Data Users Guide. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 3002028078
• Erik Smith, Felicia Chiang, Jonathan Lala, Delavane Diaz, Jacob Mardian. (2024). Climate READi Climate Data Assessment and Inventory. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2024. 3002028492.
• Laura Fischer and Diana Grandas. (2024). Library of Potential Types of Climate-Related Impacts and Response Options for the Electric Power System (Year 3): Exploring Climate Impacts in Utility Operations and Planning Interest Group. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 3002029125
• Jonathan Lala, Laura Fischer, Delavane Diaz, Rao Kotamarthi, Jiali Wang. (2024). Climate READi Insights: Downscaling. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 3002029060.
• Jonathan Lala. (2024). Climate 101: Hazard, Exposure, and Vulnerability Assessment. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 3002028735
• Erik Smith, Steven Rose, Felicia Chiang, Delavane Diaz, and Laura Fischer, 2023. Developing Local Climate Change Information: Steps and Illustrative Analysis. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002026639
• Erik Smith, et al., 2023. READi Insights: Approaches to Future Hourly Time Series for Climate-Resilient Power System Planning. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002028572
• Erik Smith, et al., 2023. READi Insights: Impacts of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation on Hurricanes and Summer Temperature. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002027922
• Erik Smith, et al., 2023. READi Insights: Unpacking Climatological and Power System Operating Extremes. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002026298
• Jonathan Lala, et al., 2023. READi Insights: Types of Climate Data and Potential Applications within the Electric Power Sector. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002026296
• Jonathan Lala, et al., 2023. Climate 101: Physical Climate Data. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002026223
• Erik Smith, 2023. READi Insights: Extreme Winter Weather Challenges for the Power System. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002027393
• Andrea Staid et al., 2023. Climate-Informed Planning and Adaptation for Power Sector Resilience. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002026317
• Jonathan Lala and Delavane Diaz, 2022. A Review of Climate Impacts and Adaptation Measures for the Electric Power Sector, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002024488
• Laura Fischer and Delavane Diaz, 2022. READi Insights: Extreme Heat Events and Impacts to the Electric System. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002025522
• Laura Fischer, Heidi Scarth and Erik Smith, 2022. Quick Insights: Extreme Weather Considerations for Resource Adequacy, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002023371
• Erik Smith and Shailee Desai, 2022. Evaluation of Flood Risk Tools, Models, and Services for Physical Climate Risk Assessments. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002022769
• EPRI, 2021. LADWP Climate Assessment and Transmission Resilience Analysis: Highlights, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. # 3002023326
• Erik Smith and Delavane Diaz, 2021. Historical Trends and Projected Changes in U.S. Wind and Solar Resources. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA # 3002020619
• Erik Smith, Heidi Scarth and Delavane Diaz, 2021. Quick Insights Extreme Cold Events, Changing Climate Threats, and Power System Infrastructure Resiliency. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA # 3002022454
• Delavane Diaz and Geoff Blanford, 2021. Temperature Impacts on Electricity Demand: US-REGEN Load Projections for Climate Resilience EPRI, Palo Alto, CA # 3002020013

Social Cost of Carbon

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To learn more about EPRI's work on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases, please visit this site

Publications and Presentations

• Rose, S, 2022. Putting science first in creating and using the social cost of carbon, The Hill, November 18, thehill.com.
• Rose, S, D Diaz, T Carleton, L Drouet, C Guivarch, A Méjean, F Piontek, 2022. Estimating Global Economic Impacts from Climate Change. In Climate Change 2022: Climate Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC, Chapter 16 (Key Risks Across Sectors and Regions).
• Guivarch, C, S Rose, A Al Khourdajie, V Bosetti, E Byers, K Calvin, T Carleton, D Diaz, L Drouet, M Grubb, T Hasegawa, AC Köberle, E Kriegler, D McCollum, A Méjean, B O’Neill, F Piontek, J Steinberger, M Tavoni, 2022. Economic benefits from avoided climate impacts along long-term mitigation pathways. In Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC, Chapter 3 (Mitigation Pathways Compatible with Long-Term Goals).
• Bistline and Rose, 2018. Social Cost of Carbon Pricing of Power Sector CO₂: Accounting for Leakage and Other Social Implications from Subnational Policies, Environmental Research Letters 13 014027.
• Huppmann, D, E Kriegler, V Krey, K Riahi, J Rogelj, SK Rose, J Weyant, et al., 2018. IAMC 1.5°C Scenario Explorer and Data hosted by IIASA. Integrated Assessment Modeling Consortium & International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. doi: 10.22022/SR15/08-2018.15429.
• Cropper, ML, RG Newell, M Allen, M Auffhammer, CE Forest, IY Fung, JK Hammitt, HD Jacoby, RE Kopp, W Pizer, SK Rose, R Schmalensee, JP Weyant, 2017. Valuing Climate Damages: Updating Estimation of the Social Cost of Carbon Dioxide. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Committee on Assessing Approaches to Updating the Social Cost of Carbon. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
• Rose, SK, DB Diaz, GJ Blanford, 2017. Understanding the Social Cost of Carbon: A Model Diagnostic and Inter-Comparison Study, Climate Change Economics 8 (2).
• Diaz, Delavane and F Moore, 2017. Quantifying the Economic Risks of Climate Change. Nature Climate Change, 7(11): 1-9.
• Rose, SK, 2017. Carbon Pricing and the Social Cost of Carbon. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. #3002011391.
• Rose, S.K., 2017. Managing Climate Damages: Exploring Trade-Offs. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2017. Updated March 2018. #3002009659.

EPRI Reports

• Steve Rose, 2023. EPRI Technical Public Comments on U.S. EPA's Draft New Social Costs of Carbon and Other Greenhouse Gases Estimation Methodology and Use of Estimates in EPA's Proposed Oil and Gas Methane Rule. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. #3002026256
• Steve Rose, 2023. EPRI Public Comments on U.S. EPA's Social Costs of Carbon and Other Greenhouse Gases Draft New Methodology Peer Review Process and Candidates. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. #3002026087
• EPRI, 2022. EPRI Public Comments on Federal Acquisition Regulation ANOPR: Minimizing the Risk of Climate Change in Federal Acquisitions. #3002023465.
• Hytowitz, RB, E Ela, S Rose, T Wilson, 2021. What does carbon pricing mean for electricity markets?EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. #3002021815.
• EPRI, 2021a. EPRI public comments on the Biden Administration "interim" SC-GHG estimates and technical document. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA.
• EPRI 2021. Overview of U.S. Government Estimates of the Social Cost of Carbon and Other Greenhouse Gases. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA.
• EPRI 2021. Scientific Challenges in Social Cost of Greenhouse Gas Estimation and Use
• EPRI 2021. Repairing the Social Cost of Carbon: Immediate Steps for Scientifically Reliable Estimates and Use. #3002020523.
• EPRI 2020. EPRI Comments on Moody's "Proposed framework to assess carbon transition risks for electric power companies” EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2020. #3002020282
• EPRI 2020. EPRI Public Comments on New York State Department of Environmental Conservation's Proposal "Establishing a Value of Carbon: Guidelines for Use by State Agencies." EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2020. #3002020249.
• Rose and Scott, 2020. Review of 1.5˚C and Other Newer Global Emissions Scenarios: Insights for Company and Financial Climate Low-Carbon Transition Risk Assessment and Greenhouse Gas Goal Setting. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. #3002018053.
• Rose, SK, 2017.Carbon Pricing and the Social Cost of Carbon. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. #3002011391.
• Rose, S.K., 2017. Managing Climate Damages: Exploring Trade-Offs. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2017. Updated March 2018. #3002009659.